Building and it's Components - General

Building Construction Types and it's Components - General

Here I just briefing about building, its structure, loads transferred to the foundations, site selection for construction, site plan, bye – laws, types of buildings on regular basis starting with this article.

A Building is a structure consists of components like Foundation, walls, floors, roofs, beams, staircase, doors and windows related with each other. Building construction types are :

Load Bearing Wall: which always rest on the foundation taken deep in to the earth. It transfers all loads including its self-weight, loads from slab, beams, and columns along with live load to the load of the superstructure (Structure built above Ground level) on the subsoil on which it rests. In order to give more stability at the base, wider footings will be provided for these load bearing walls.

Partition Wall: This is not a load bearing wall, which will not take any load of superstructure. It is an enclosure used for rooms and just act as a screen wall separation, rests above the floor level.

As per Types of Structural system the buildings can be classified as follows

In general the structural systems of buildings or types of buildings in Civil Engineering are : –

Load Bearing Structure

Framed Structure

Composite Structure

Load Bearing Structure

Framed Structure

Composite Structure

So, Load bearing structure, Framed structure and Composite structures are the examples for building construction types

We understood clearly all types of structures, for giving more clarity we can compare load bearing walls with RC Framed structure in the following table:

Classification of Loads coming over foundations

The 3 types of loads are

1. Dead Load

This is the load of the material or self-weight of the materials used for the different parts of building like floors, walls, roofs, staircase, beams etc. These loads are permanent in nature.

Self-weight of different materials in Weight in Kg/m3

2. Live Load

This is also called as superimposed load and it is the movable load on the floor and is variable. E.g. all loads of movable items including furniture, shelves, Kitchen items, Electronics etc.

Live loads for floors of different types of buildings in Weight in kg/m2

3. Wind Load

Wind load is an important aspect and should not be neglected while designing high rise buildings. The exposed surfaces of sides and roofs of such buildings are subjected to wind pressure and its effect is to reduce the pressure on the foundation on the windward side (direction or side of wind is blowing) directly and to increase the pressure on the foundation on the leeward side.(opposite direction or side of wind is blowing) For calculating wind pressure the following formula maybe adopted

P = KV2,

Where P = Wind pressure in Kg/m2

V = Velocity of wind in Kmph

K = Coefficient depends on wind speed, temperature of air and shape of structure.

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